The baseline of fragility and capability: Hedging socio-environmental impacts of Char Dham expressway in Uttarakhand, India
This study uncovers latent socio-environmental impacts of Uttarakhand’s massive Char Dham Expressway project. It introduces an innovative framework fusing machine learning with satellite monitoring to assess shifting household vulnerabilities and land-use nature along three segments of the corridor. By analysing pre-development, construction, and post-development phases, the findings show how excavation and infrastructure work directly disrupt local water bodies and agriculture-based livelihoods.