Archaeological landscape of Thotlakonda and Bavikonda near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh: insights from remote sensing and GIS analysis

Thotlakonda and Bavikonda, two important Buddhist heritage sites in Andhra Pradesh, were designated as protected in 1978. However, vague boundary descriptions have caused disputes between preservation advocates and developers. This study uses remote sensing and GIS to analyze the sites and surrounding areas, identifying archaeological features and evaluating the effects of recent land-use changes on their preservation.