Journal Articles

In India, Industrial Training Institutes and Polytechnic colleges are among the oldest Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions, producing a skilled workforce for various industries. TVET programme are offered primarily through diploma courses in Polytechnics, Industrial Training Institutes, and apprenticeship certificates. Polytechnics and Industrial Training Institutes are primary hubs for TVET training. The core objective of TVET sector is to develop a workforce ready for employment in local, national, and global markets.

This study analyzed unprecedented 34,596 geo-stamped human-wildlife conflict (HWC) incidents from 2019–2023 in Karnataka’s Southern Western Ghats reveals critical insights into spatio-temporal dynamics. Predominated by human–elephant conflicts (92.1% of incidents, 87.4% of compensation), the data also includes human–carnivore and other conflicts, with elephants, tigers, leopards, wild boars, and gaurs driving 99.6% of cases.

This study analyzed unprecedented 34,596 geo-stamped human-wildlife conflict (HWC) incidents from 2019–2023 in Karnataka’s Southern Western Ghats reveals critical insights into spatio-temporal dynamics. Predominated by human–elephant conflicts (92.1% of incidents, 87.4% of compensation), the data also includes human–carnivore and other conflicts, with elephants, tigers, leopards, wild boars, and gaurs driving 99.6% of cases.