Celestial Alignments of Sacred Structures: Methods and Applications of Satellite Imagery and Astronomical Simulations

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Toppo, A.J., Mazumdar, M., Rajani, M.B. (2026). In: Rajani, M.B (eds) Spatial Narratives of India's Heritage: Integrating Geospatial Analysis in the Humanities. Springer, Singapore.
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Sacred architecture across cultures has often been aligned with celestial events such as solstices, equinoxes, and significant stellar risings. This study reviews global traditions of astronomical alignment and the techniques ancient builders may have used to achieve such precision, alongside contemporary methods including satellite imagery, field surveys, and astronomical simulations. Focusing on temple architecture in South India, it employs geospatial tools and simulation software to analyze orientations in relation to solar, lunar, and stellar phenomena. While preliminary, the findings reveal emerging patterns of celestial alignment and underscore the value of digital geospatial technologies in investigating the astronomical dimensions of sacred landscapes.

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