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Rapid changes in the way humankind perceives and adapts to space applications and spinoffs from space are evident in our day-to-day lives. Our information and knowledge-based thoughts, actions and deeds are enabled to a significant extent seamlessly by space-based resources. The space canvas encompasses geographical areas, the seas, commerce, resources, humanitarian crises, tourism and a large segment in the security domain.
One perceptible and evident change seen is the increasing role of private players who are scripting new approaches to space access and space exploitation. The launch vehicle partial or fully reusability trends are driving down the cost of access to space and raising questions in regard to expendable launch vehicles. Constellation of imaging satellites capable of imaging the globe on a daily basis, mega constellations in LEO providing
internet connectivity to all parts of the earth (and even overcoming Russian jamming efforts in aid of Ukraine), satellite life extension concepts by refuelling satellites in orbit, exploration missions to asteroids, Moon and Mars as well concepts for base establishment and resource extraction hold exciting promise for technology, innovation and business on the one hand while issues of space traffic management, lack of implementation of rules for safe and sustainable use of space, pose challenges on the other hand.
Militarization and weaponization of space are on an upward trajectory with some nations acquiring counterspace capabilities. The dual-use nature of space has further blurred the distinction between civilian and military space. Commonality of technologies and approaches required for On-orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing (OSAM) in the civilian space and Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO) in military space is a case in
point. In the absence of advanced information and knowledge, an OSAM activity could be misconstrued as an RPO activity leading to tensions, dispute and conflict. Knowledge of intent, transparency and space situational awareness are obvious requirements.