The research carried out in the programme thus far has strengthened its conviction that not all differences can be considered inequalities. There are differences, such as academic achievements, that are celebrated, just as there are others, including extreme variations in basic living standards, that are reviled. Consequently, the programme treats only ethically unacceptable differences as inequalities. It recognizes two routes to deciding what is ethically unacceptable: the path of rational argument and that of beliefs. Differences that are considered unethical on the basis of rational argument are termed normative inequalities, while those that are considered unethical based on beliefs that are not considered necessary to be defended rationally, are termed descriptive inequalities. This approach to inequality extends the phenomenon well beyond its economic dimensions. Correspondingly the effects of inequality on development extend far beyond its impact on growth. If, following Amartya Sen, we treat development as freedom, there is a need to assess the impact of inequality on the economic, social, political, and other freedoms of individuals, groups, and society as a whole.
This project explores the relationship between inequality and a selection of freedoms. To begin with, it will examine the relationship between inequality and the freedom to lead a healthy life, the freedom to be educated, and the freedom to escape absolute deprivation. It will then go on to explore the relationship between inequality and some of the other aspects of what persons want to do or be, as well as their capabilities to do so.